Types of shallow Foundations:

Spread Footing: The spread footings are those which spread the super-imposed load of the structure over a large area.

The spread footings may be of the following types:-

(a) Single footing for a column,

(b) stepped footing for a column,

(c) sloped footing for a column,

(d) wall footing with steps and without steps, 

(e) Grillage foundation.

Combined Footing:- The common footing which is constructed for two or more columns, is called combined footing.

It may be rectangular or trapezoidal shape of a combined footing.

Strap Footing:- When two or more footings are connected by a beam, it is called a strap footing.

Raft or mat foundation:- A foundation consisting of thick reinforced concrete slab covering the entire area of the bottom of the structure, is known as raft or mat foundation.